how.doxadeo.org - User contributions [en-gb]

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Audio/Sibilance

2026-05-22T15:02:16Z

Gareth: Better image of dynamic gain reduction

== Sibilance ==
To address sibilance—the harsh, irritating "essss" sound—on a DiGiCo Sx1, one can use a dynamic EQ:

<pic src="/images/b/be/Dynamic_EQ_on_S31_for_sibilance.jpg" width="100%" align="text" caption="DiGiCo's S31 dynamic EQ: Here, the blue band has the dynamic EQ turned on; here, around 5.5 kHz, the volume is currently being lowered, which corresponds to the RTA frequency during the 's' sound." />

=== Steps to follow: ===

* Touch the "Show dyn EQ" button in the menu bar, and then switch one of the EQs to a dyanmic EQ
* Dynamic EQ must be in "Over mode", i.e. arrow on threshold pointing to right, i.e. when level is higher than threshold, the EQ adjustment is applied
* Dynamic compression ratio of 2:1 to 3:1 has enough of an effect without influencing the sound too much
* The compressor must typically be quite fast, i.e. short times, to sound as natural as possible
* EQ frequency typically in the range 3 to 8 kHz
* EQ gain should be –5 to –15 dB; if too much, intelligibility will be reduced
* EQ Q typically 1 or higher

=== What exactly is sibilance? ===
Sometimes audio that has been pre-recorded and prepared for playback can have too much harshness:

<youtube>mAlhPGCET8M</youtube>

or a live vocal can sound very irritating, especially in Afrikaans—same video, [[https://www.youtube.com/live/mAlhPGCET8M?t=1383 later at 23:03]].

Also, listen to 10 s of this (start at 4:01):

<youtube>JEHmr1__AsM</youtube>

That “S” sound at the end of a word is called “sibilance”. It occurs typically in the 3 to 8 kHz range; that same range is needed to get clarity and presence in a vocal. Too much, almost like cymbals, very quickly becomes very irritating. However, too little, and a person battles to hear what is being said.

<pic src="/images/e/e7/Sibilance.wy_of_wys.png" width=100% align=text caption="From the clip: This is the 'wy' of 'wys' in 'Wil ek vir jou wys wat leer...': the frequencies shown at the bottom correspond to the yellow cursor at the top."/>

<pic src="/images/7/7e/Sibilance.s_of_wys.png" width=100% align=text caption="This is the 's' of 'wys' in 'Wil ek vir jou wys wat leer...'—note the portion that is significantly louder. The 5 kHz peaks at –50 dB, which was previously –63 dB—that’s a 13 dB difference, which represents more than four times the volume (6 dB is a doubling)."/>

The process of removing sibiliance is called “de-essing” or “desibilising” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De-essing).

The first step in the process of improving sound is normally recording better quality sound at the sound, thus placing the microphone further away, and aiming the microphone higher or lower (away from the mouth), as you can see in, for e.g. https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/managing-sibilance or https://urm.academy/death-to-sibilance/.

If one already has the sound, you can process it via an EQ. The challenge with this is that taking away too much of the “s” sound results in losing clarity and presence. Thus one wants to only take away the problematic portions when they are excessive, but leave them the rest of the time, i.e. compress that which annoys, but only when necessary.

<pic src="/images/c/c1/Sibilance.reaper.de-esser.png" width=100% align=text caption="Reaper’s built-in 'De-esser'"/>

Reaper’s “De-esser” is a single-band dynamic EQ.

File:Dynamic EQ on S31 for sibilance.jpg

2026-05-22T14:59:12Z

Gareth: Dynamic EQ being used to reduce sibiliance, with RTA turned on showing the frequency components of "ssss"

== Summary ==
Dynamic EQ being used to reduce sibiliance, with RTA turned on showing the frequency components of "ssss"

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Media/ProPresenter-tips

2026-05-18T10:40:30Z

Gareth: Link to independent outputs page

== ProPresenter tips & tricks ==
Different "Looks" can be setup which is handy for productions vs Sunday services. For Sunday services ensure that "Side Ann" look is active if things seem out of place.

<pic src="/images/0/0a/Pp_look.png" width=100% align=text caption="Look" />ProPresenter can drive [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Media/ProPresenter-IndependentOutputs|independent outputs]].

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band/Cyan

2026-05-18T10:37:48Z

Gareth: Root directory for image references

== Cyan ==

The purpose of Cyan is to make it easier for someone on a stage to interact with the sound system—adjusting your mix so that you can hear what you need to hear.

=== Steps to follow during sound check: ===
# Using your mobile device, connect to the campus network, typically the WiFi network “BL Guest”
# Connect to Cyan App via any of:
## http://192.168.101.13:5173/
## Scan the QR code labelled “Cyan”, on the DB cover backstage, just outside Martin’s office
# Identify yourself:
## Enter your name and surname, and last four digits of cell number and press Submit
## If your phone doesn’t say “Welcome to Cyan”, ask for help from the sound person or the Music Director
# Select your role, which is the name of your IEM line, which depends on what you’re doing on stage:
## Vocals-only are Vox 1 (left, from audience’s perspective) through to Vox 5 (right)
## Lead left is the mic on the stand at the front of the stage on the left (from audience’s perspective), normally used with acoustic guitar
## Lead right is the mic on the stand at the front of the stage on the right, normally used by Martin
## Piano is on the left, Keyboard on the right
## Drums, Bass are self-explanatory
# Check that your own inputs work: You should hear yourself in your headphones
## Select the tree icon <pic src="/images/1/1a/Cyan.Dark.Tree.jpeg" width=300px align=center caption="Tree view, showing aux master (red) and individual channels (green)" />
## On the list select your input:
### First is instruments (including Drums)
### Second is vocals
### Then everything else, end with track (which has click (metronome), cue (vocal cue for start of verse / chorus, etc., track (additional instruments and possibly vocals))
## For rough adjustment, use the fader on the left (up louder, down softer), and the pan at the bottom <pic src="/images/2/20/Cyan.Dark.Channel.Single.jpeg" width=300px align=center caption="Single channel adjustment, showing adjustment of level (vertical green arrows) and pan (horizontal green arrows)" />
## For fine adjustment, use the “trackpad” (up louder, right pans right, down softer, left pans left)
## You can adjust the master (overall) volume by selecting the top item on the list
# Adjust mix as each person is asked to do play or sing in turn:
## The order is typically: drums, bass guitar, electric guitar, acoustic, keyboard, piano, vocals—first lead vocals then backing vocals, click, track, metronome
## Be careful of just adding things because the overall volume eventually becomes too loud; rather make less important things softer
# Adjust mix as needed during rehearsal

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band/Cyan

2026-05-18T06:20:21Z

Gareth: Fixing numbering

== Cyan ==

The purpose of Cyan is to make it easier for someone on a stage to interact with the sound system—adjusting your mix so that you can hear what you need to hear.

=== Steps to follow during sound check: ===
# Using your mobile device, connect to the campus network, typically the WiFi network “BL Guest”
# Connect to Cyan App via any of:
## http://192.168.101.13:5173/
## Scan the QR code labelled “Cyan”, on the DB cover backstage, just outside Martin’s office
# Identify yourself:
## Enter your name and surname, and last four digits of cell number and press Submit
## If your phone doesn’t say “Welcome to Cyan”, ask for help from the sound person or the Music Director
# Select your role, which is the name of your IEM line, which depends on what you’re doing on stage:
## Vocals-only are Vox 1 (left, from audience’s perspective) through to Vox 5 (right)
## Lead left is the mic on the stand at the front of the stage on the left (from audience’s perspective), normally used with acoustic guitar
## Lead right is the mic on the stand at the front of the stage on the right, normally used by Martin
## Piano is on the left, Keyboard on the right
## Drums, Bass are self-explanatory
# Check that your own inputs work: You should hear yourself in your headphones
## Select the tree icon <pic src="images/1/1a/Cyan.Dark.Tree.jpeg" width=300px align=center caption="Tree view, showing aux master (red) and individual channels (green)" />
## On the list select your input:
### First is instruments (including Drums)
### Second is vocals
### Then everything else, end with track (which has click (metronome), cue (vocal cue for start of verse / chorus, etc., track (additional instruments and possibly vocals))
## For rough adjustment, use the fader on the left (up louder, down softer), and the pan at the bottom <pic src="images/2/20/Cyan.Dark.Channel.Single.jpeg" width=300px align=center caption="Single channel adjustment, showing adjustment of level (vertical green arrows) and pan (horizontal green arrows)" />
## For fine adjustment, use the “trackpad” (up louder, right pans right, down softer, left pans left)
## You can adjust the master (overall) volume by selecting the top item on the list
# Adjust mix as each person is asked to do play or sing in turn:
## The order is typically: drums, bass guitar, electric guitar, acoustic, keyboard, piano, vocals—first lead vocals then backing vocals, click, track, metronome
## Be careful of just adding things because the overall volume eventually becomes too loud; rather make less important things softer
# Adjust mix as needed during rehearsal

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band/Cyan

2026-05-18T06:04:51Z

Gareth: Fiddling with images to try to get them to be visible!

== Cyan ==

The purpose of Cyan is to make it easier for someone on a stage to interact with the sound system—adjusting your mix so that you can hear what you need to hear.

=== Steps to follow during sound check: ===
# Using your mobile device, connect to the campus network, typically the WiFi network “BL Guest”
# Connect to Cyan App via any of:
## http://192.168.101.13:5173/
## Scan the QR code labelled “Cyan”, on the DB cover backstage, just outside Martin’s office
# Identify yourself:
## Enter your name and surname, and last four digits of cell number and press Submit
## If your phone doesn’t say “Welcome to Cyan”, ask for help from the sound person or the Music Director
# Select your role, which is the name of your IEM line, which depends on what you’re doing on stage:
## Vocals-only are Vox 1 (left, from audience’s perspective) through to Vox 5 (right)
## Lead left is the mic on the stand at the front of the stage on the left (from audience’s perspective), normally used with acoustic guitar
## Lead right is the mic on the stand at the front of the stage on the right, normally used by Martin
## Piano is on the left, Keyboard on the right
## Drums, Bass are self-explanatory
# Check that your own inputs work: You should hear yourself in your headphones
## Select the tree icon <pic src="images/1/1a/Cyan.Dark.Tree.jpeg" width=300px align=center caption="Tree view, showing aux master (red) and individual channels (green)" />
## On the list select your input:
### First is instruments (including Drums)
### Second is vocals
### Then everything else, end with track (which has click (metronome), cue (vocal cue for start of verse / chorus, etc., track (additional instruments and possibly vocals))
## For rough adjustment, use the fader on the left (up louder, down softer), and the pan at the bottom
<pic src="images/2/20/Cyan.Dark.Channel.Single.jpeg" width=300px align=center caption="Single channel adjustment, showing adjustment of level (vertical green arrows) and pan (horizontal green arrows)" />
## For fine adjustment, use the “trackpad” (up louder, right pans right, down softer, left pans left)
## You can adjust the master (overall) volume by selecting the top item on the list
# Adjust mix as each person is asked to do play or sing in turn:
## The order is typically: drums, bass guitar, electric guitar, acoustic, keyboard, piano, vocals—first lead vocals then backing vocals, click, track, metronome
## Be careful of just adding things because the overall volume eventually becomes too loud; rather make less important things softer
# Adjust mix as needed during rehearsal

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band

2026-05-18T06:00:07Z

Gareth: Added reference to Cyan

== Band home ==
==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band/Vocals|Vocals home]] ====
==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band/Drums|Drums home]] ====
==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band/Bass|Bass home]] ====
==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band/Guitar|Guitar home]] ====
==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band/Keys|Keys & Piano home]] ====
==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band/Director|Music Director home]] ====
==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band/Track|Multi Track home]] ====
==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band/Orchestration|Orchestration home]] ====

Aux mixing, for everyone on stage, is done following a specific process using [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band/Cyan|Cyan]].

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band/Cyan

2026-05-18T05:57:43Z

Gareth: Trying WYSIWIG editor... hopefully then images will be rendered.

== Cyan ==

The purpose of Cyan is to make it easier for someone on a stage to interact with the sound system—adjusting your mix so that you can hear what you need to hear.

=== Steps to follow: ===
# Using your mobile device, connect to the campus network, typically the WiFi network “BL Guest”
# Connect to Cyan App via any of:
## http://192.168.101.13:5173/
## Scan the QR code labelled “Cyan”, on the DB cover backstage, just outside Martin’s office
# Identify yourself:
## Enter your name and surname, and last four digits of cell number and press Submit
## If your phone doesn’t say “Welcome to Cyan”, ask for help from the sound person or the Music Director
# Select your role, which is the name of your IEM line, which depends on what you’re doing on stage:
## Vocals-only are Vox 1 (left, from audience’s perspective) through to Vox 5 (right)
## Lead left is the mic on the stand at the front of the stage on the left (from audience’s perspective), normally used with acoustic guitar
## Lead right is the mic on the stand at the front of the stage on the right, normally used by Martin
## Piano is on the left, Keyboard on the right
## Drums, Bass are self-explanatory
# Check that your own inputs work: You should hear yourself in your headphones
## Select the tree icon <pic src="images/1/1a/Cyan.Dark.Tree.jpeg" width=300px align=center caption="Tree view, showing aux master (red) and individual channels (green)" />
## On the list select your input:
### First is instruments (including Drums)
### Second is vocals
### Then everything else, end with track (which has click (metronome), cue (vocal cue for start of verse / chorus, etc., track (additional instruments and possibly vocals))
## For rough adjustment, use the fader on the left (up louder, down softer), and the pan at the bottom <pic src="images/2/20/Cyan.Dark.Channel.Single.jpeg" width=300px align=center caption="Single channel adjustment, showing adjustment of level (vertical green arrows) and pan (horizontal green arrows)" />
## For fine adjustment, use the “trackpad” (up louder, right pans right, down softer, left pans left)
## You can adjust the master (overall) volume by selecting the top item on the list
# Adjust mix as each person is asked to do play or sing in turn:
## The order is typically: drums, bass guitar, electric guitar, acoustic, keyboard, piano, vocals—first lead vocals then backing vocals, click, track, metronome
## Be careful of just adding things because the overall volume eventually becomes too loud; rather make less important things softer
# Adjust mix as needed during rehearsal

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band/Cyan

2026-05-18T05:55:05Z

Gareth: Cyan process for people on stage

== Cyan ==

The purpose of Cyan is to make it easier for someone on a stage to interact with the sound system—adjusting your mix so that you can hear what you need to hear.

=== Steps to follow: ===
# Connect to the campus network, typically the WiFi network “BL Guest”
# Connect to Cyan App via any of:
## http://192.168.101.13:5173/
## Scan the QR code labelled “Cyan”, on the DB cover backstage, just outside Martin’s office
# Identify yourself:
## Enter your name and surname, and last four digits of cell number and press Submit
## If your phone doesn’t say “Welcome to Cyan”, ask for help from the sound person or the Music Director
# Select your role, which is the name of your IEM line, which depends on what you’re doing on stage:
## Vocals-only are Vox 1 (left, from audience’s perspective) through to Vox 5 (right)
## Lead left is the mic on the stand at the front of the stage on the left (from audience’s perspective), normally used with acoustic guitar
## Lead right is the mic on the stand at the front of the stage on the right, normally used by Martin
## Piano is on the left, Keyboard on the right
## Drums, Bass are self-explanatory
# Check that your own inputs work: You should hear yourself in your headphones
## Select the tree icon <pic src="images/1/1a/Cyan.Dark.Tree.jpeg" width=300px align=center caption="Tree view, showing aux master (red) and individual channels (green)" />
## On the list select your input:
### First is instruments (including Drums)
### Second is vocals
### Then everything else, end with track (which has click (metronome), cue (vocal cue for start of verse / chorus, etc., track (additional instruments and possibly vocals))
## For rough adjustment, use the fader on the left (up louder, down softer), and the pan at the bottom <pic src="images/2/20/Cyan.Dark.Channel.Single.jpeg" width=300px align=center caption="Single channel adjustment, showing adjustment of level (vertical green arrows) and pan (horizontal green arrows)" />
## For fine adjustment, use the “trackpad” (up louder, right pans right, down softer, left pans left)
## You can adjust the master (overall) volume by selecting the top item on the list
# Adjust mix as each person is asked to do play or sing in turn:
## The order is typically: drums, bass guitar, electric guitar, acoustic, keyboard, piano, vocals—first lead vocals then backing vocals, click, track, metronome
## Be careful of just adding things because the overall volume eventually becomes too loud; rather make less important things softer
# Adjust mix as needed during rehearsal

File:Cyan.Dark.Channel.Single.jpeg

2026-05-18T05:44:10Z

Gareth: Cyan single channel adjustment, showing adjustment of level (vertical green arrows) and pan (horizontal green arrows)

== Summary ==
Cyan single channel adjustment, showing adjustment of level (vertical green arrows) and pan (horizontal green arrows)

File:Cyan.Dark.Tree.jpeg

2026-05-18T05:42:45Z

Gareth: Cyan tree view, showing aux master (red) and individual channels (green)

== Summary ==
Cyan tree view, showing aux master (red) and individual channels (green)

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Media/ProPresenter-IndependentOutputs

2026-05-03T15:15:04Z

Gareth: Added note that updating a Theme does NOT propagate to already-existing slides.

== Using ProPresenter for Independent Outputs ==

ProPresenter can drive two independent outputs. In the case of the Streaming PC, it has two such outputs:
* Presentation layer: HDMI output to ATEM Constellation video mixer, which is typically used for centre screen theme
* Announcement layer: NDI (Network Device Interface, i.e. virtual screen) output into OBS, that is overlaid on the program output OBS, taking opacity into account

=== Preparation for a series ===

* From the Communication Team, get the artwork for the series—as HD images in PNG format with alpha channel, where complete opacity is for the lower solid portion, and complete transparency for where the camera image is to be visible.
* Drag the artwork into the Media bin.
* Create a theme using those images... one way is to create a playlist item containing the images, and then create a theme from that.
* In the Theme editor (Show, Edit, Reflow, Bible, ... More => Themes), add appropriate text boxes.
<pic src="/images/0/01/ProPresenter.ThemeEditor.jpeg" width=100% align=text caption="ProPresenter Theme editor, with individual slides and text box definition" />

=== Building lower thirds for a specific sermon ===
* Create a Playlist for the particular service by clicking on the parent, and then the Plus at the top of the Playlists
<pic src="/images/0/0c/ProPresenter.Playlist.Items.jpeg" width=321px align=center caption="ProPresenter navigation: Playlists, each containing Items" />
* In the Playlist, create an placeholder for the sermon, by clicking on the Plus at the top of the Playlist
* In the Placeholder, add an item, selecting the theme for the series
* The first slide is typically the preacher's name
* Add additional slides and text as appropriate
* '''Note:''' If one updates the Theme, changes are NOT applied to already-existing slides—the Theme is only used when '''''creating''''' a slide.
* '''Important:''' Set the sermon to the Announcements layer output... Items, by default, are on the Presentation layer, which goes to the video mixer, directly to the screens

<pic src="/images/6/63/ProPresenter.AnnouncementLayer.jpeg" align=center width=570px caption="Layer set to Announcements" />

* Add items before and/or after the sermon, for the Presentation layer (typically Welcome and theme slides), so that everything for the service is available in a single Playlist, for accessibility during the service

<pic src="/images/3/3d/ProPresenter.TargetLayer.jpeg" align=center caption="Target layer: Default is Presentation (grey double circle), or specifically set (green double circle)" />

=== Notes: ===
* The current output on the Announcements layer can be cleared by clicking on the Announcements icon to the right of the Preview... Do NOT click on clear everything as that will '''also''' clear the image being sent to the screens (unless that really is what you intend to do)
* Dissolving (cross-fading) between images where the alpha channel changes isn't clean, but for the same solid image, it works well.

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Media/ProPresenter-IndependentOutputs

2026-05-03T12:25:53Z

Gareth: Add ProPresenter Independent Outputs page, used for driving lower thirds to OBS

== Using ProPresenter for Independent Outputs ==

ProPresenter can drive two independent outputs. In the case of the Streaming PC, it has two such outputs:
* Presentation layer: HDMI output to ATEM Constellation video mixer, which is typically used for centre screen theme
* Announcement layer: NDI (Network Device Interface, i.e. virtual screen) output into OBS, that is overlaid on the program output OBS, taking opacity into account

=== Preparation for a series ===

* From the Communication Team, get the artwork for the series—as HD images in PNG format with alpha channel, where complete opacity is for the lower solid portion, and complete transparency for where the camera image is to be visible.
* Drag the artwork into the Media bin.
* Create a theme using those images... one way is to create a playlist item containing the images, and then create a theme from that.
* In the Theme editor (Show, Edit, Reflow, Bible, ... More => Themes), add appropriate text boxes.
<pic src="/images/0/01/ProPresenter.ThemeEditor.jpeg" width=100% align=text caption="ProPresenter Theme editor, with individual slides and text box definition" />

=== Building lower thirds for a specific sermon ===
* Create a Playlist for the particular service by clicking on the parent, and then the Plus at the top of the Playlists
<pic src="/images/0/0c/ProPresenter.Playlist.Items.jpeg" width=321px align=center caption="ProPresenter navigation: Playlists, each containing Items" />
* In the Playlist, create an placeholder for the sermon, by clicking on the Plus at the top of the Playlist
* In the Placeholder, add an item, selecting the theme for the series
* The first slide is typically the preacher's name
* Add additional slides and text as appropriate
* '''Important:''' Set the sermon to the Announcements layer output... Items, by default, are on the Presentation layer, which goes to the video mixer, directly to the screens

<pic src="/images/6/63/ProPresenter.AnnouncementLayer.jpeg" align=center width=570px caption="Layer set to Announcements" />

* Add items before and/or after the sermon, for the Presentation layer (typically Welcome and theme slides), so that everything for the service is available in a single Playlist, for accessibility during the service

<pic src="/images/3/3d/ProPresenter.TargetLayer.jpeg" align=center caption="Target layer: Default is Presentation (grey double circle), or specifically set (green double circle)" />

=== Notes: ===
* The current output on the Announcements layer can be cleared by clicking on the Announcements icon to the right of the Preview... Do NOT click on clear everything as that will '''also''' clear the image being sent to the screens (unless that really is what you intend to do)
* Dissolving (cross-fading) between images where the alpha channel changes isn't clean, but for the same solid image, it works well.

File:ProPresenter.AnnouncementLayer.jpeg

2026-05-03T12:18:34Z

Gareth: ProPresenter Target Layer set to Announcement

== Summary ==
ProPresenter Target Layer set to Announcement

File:ProPresenter.TargetLayer.jpeg

2026-05-03T12:16:17Z

Gareth: ProPresenter Target Layer, that an item is going to be shown on

== Summary ==
ProPresenter Target Layer, that an item is going to be shown on

File:ProPresenter.ThemeEditor.jpeg

2026-05-03T12:03:54Z

Gareth: ProPresenter Theme editor, with individual slides and text box definition

== Summary ==
ProPresenter Theme editor, with individual slides and text box definition

File:ProPresenter.Playlist.Items.jpeg

2026-05-03T11:59:44Z

Gareth: ProPresenter navigation: Playlists, each containing Items

== Summary ==
ProPresenter navigation: Playlists, each containing Items

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech

2026-02-26T03:52:26Z

Gareth: Brooklyn-specific page names

== Tech home ==

<pic src="/images/e/e0/Foh.layout.202309.jpeg" width=100% align=text caption="Front of house" />From [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Integration/Mandate_of_the_Arts|The Mandate of the Arts]], the purpose of tech is to support what is happening on stage—most typically that many more people can be involved in the experience. Quite simply: Add what is needed, and stay out of the way.

This support is via a number of roles:

==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Audio|Audio]], [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Media|Media]], [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Lights|Lighting]], [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Video|Video]], [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Producer|Technical producer]] ====
Generally speaking, there are a number of obvious things that one can do to support the focus. The corollary, however, is less self-explanatory: mitigate distraction as far as possible. An example is how to best approach [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/PCs_in_production|Using PCs in a production environment]].

=== Recent updates and changes ===

* 2025/09: People pay more attention to announcements with underlying music—the Runaway list on Spotify is useful for this
* 2023/09: [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Video|Video and Streaming]] computer between Lighting and S31 sound desk, for improved accessibility
* 2023/06: We stream the first service (with sermon notes appropriately overlaid) and record the second service (centre camera only, for creation of reels later)
* 2023/03/26: Jean asked that we always use a drone for a [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Continuity|soft transition]] from sermon to ministry to worship
* 2022/10/16: Jean requested background music (Hammock or pads) for transition out of sermon
* 2022/11: Stream and record first service. Only stream second service if issue with first service (technical issue, or requested by speaker)
* 2022/01: Wait until worship has been "landed" before putting camera on centre screen—this is part of [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Continuity|continuity]]

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/PCs in production

2026-02-26T03:51:30Z

Gareth: Recreated page at more appropriate address: brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/PCs_in_production

== Using PCs in a production environment ==

Consumer PC hardware is a very affordable way of achieving impressive results in terms of audio and video. However, some care is needed to make sure that they contribute, and do not [unintentionally] detract from the purpose of the occasion.

PCs are designed from the paradigm that they're meant for a single user. When the sound is routed via a large PA system, or screen / video outputs are sent to screens that are metres wide in the field of vision of many people, '''care must be taken to ensure that only intentional content is broadcast, as any mistake is amplified due to the environment.'''

==== Audio ====

The wrong sound at the wrong moment, at a significant volume, can completely break an experience.

===== Following these suggestions can help to prevent unintentional sound: =====

* '''All PC "system sounds" must be turned off,''' e.g. selecting sound scheme "No sounds" in Windows
* All tabs that could generate unwanted sound, such as WhatsApp notifications, should be muted
* All sound sources that aren't used should be muted in the sound mixer
* The sound desk should '''always keep inputs muted,''' unless a signal is needed '''and currently expected''' from that input

==== Video ====

Some outputs take top priority on a screen while enabled (such as ProPresenter), whereas others allow windows to be dragged over them (e.g. EasyWorship), or a mouse to be seen over them and influencing what is shown (e.g. PowerPoint).

Additional output screens, which are usually fed to projectors displaying on large screens, visible to the audience, are typically placed on the right of the primary screen (the one that the user interacts with). This is because it is natural—and most people have been conditioned—to move things to the right.

===== Following these suggestions can help to prevent unintentional visual distraction: =====

* Rearrange the screen layout so that the screen shown to the audience is on the '''left and higher up,''' so that there is only a small overlap
* When one really wants to move the mouse onto the secondary screen, or drag a window onto it, this can simply be done by dragging up and the left; because this is counter-intuitive, it is much less likely to unintentionally happen

Recommended layout for two screens, where screen 2 is for the operator and screen 1 for the audience:

[[File:TwoScreens.jpeg|355px|thumb|centre]]

Recommended layout for more screens: Additional screens are further away to the left, such as foldback and timing information:

[[File:FourScreens.jpeg|383px|thumb|centre]]

Note that in both cases, the operator's screen is at the bottom, on the right.

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech

2026-02-25T13:05:04Z

Gareth: Gave some context and added link to mitigating distraction.

== Tech home ==

<pic src="/images/e/e0/Foh.layout.202309.jpeg" width=100% align=text caption="Front of house" />From [[The mandate of the arts]], the purpose of tech is to support what is happening on stage—most typically that many more people can be involved in the experience. Quite simply: Add what is needed, and stay out of the way.

This support is via a number of roles:

==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Audio|Audio]], [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Media|Media]], [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Lights|Lighting]], [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Video|Video]], [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Producer|Technical producer]] ====
Generally speaking, there are a number of obvious things that one can do to support the focus. The corollary, however, is less self-explanatory: mitigate distraction as far as possible. An example is how to best approach [[Using PCs in a production environment]].

=== Recent updates and changes ===

* 2025/09: People pay more attention to announcements with underlying music—the Runaway list on Spotify is useful for this
* 2023/09: [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Video|Video and Streaming]] computer between Lighting and S31 sound desk, for improved accessibility
* 2023/06: We stream the first service (with sermon notes appropriately overlaid) and record the second service (centre camera only, for creation of reels later)
* 2023/03/26: Jean asked that we always use a drone for a [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Continuity|soft transition]] from sermon to ministry to worship
* 2022/10/16: Jean requested background music (Hammock or pads) for transition out of sermon
* 2022/11: Stream and record first service. Only stream second service if issue with first service (technical issue, or requested by speaker)
* 2022/01: Wait until worship has been "landed" before putting camera on centre screen—this is part of [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Continuity|continuity]]

File:FourScreens.jpeg

2026-02-25T06:05:18Z

Gareth: Recommended layout for four screens, where screen 2 is for the operator, screen 1 for the audience, and 3 and 4 are foldback and timing information.

== Summary ==
Recommended layout for four screens, where screen 2 is for the operator, screen 1 for the audience, and 3 and 4 are foldback and timing information.

File:TwoScreens.jpeg

2026-02-25T06:03:47Z

Gareth: Recommended layout for two screens, where screen 2 is for the operator and screen 1 for the audience.

== Summary ==
Recommended layout for two screens, where screen 2 is for the operator and screen 1 for the audience.

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Lights

2026-02-08T12:42:32Z

Gareth: Blank lines can push content off the page, if too narrow

== Lights home ==

We use [[https://www.chauvetdj.com/showxpress/ ShowXpress]] for controlling our DMX lighting system, specifically V9. (The newer V II is NOT compatible with the V9 configuration; upgrading will require reprogramming of all scenes.)

When using the stage lighting, it is important to turn on the '''Keep on''' button. This orientates all moving fixtures to a typical stage position so that turning lights on gives useful light without requiring additional movement at that time.

[[File:LightingUtilities.jpeg|thumb|451px|link=|Utilities buttons in ShowXpress]]The '''Keep on''' button also allows the house lights to be controlled via DMX, and ensures that the smoke machine is powered on. It also allows turning the smoke machine's fan on (to blow, of course) and off (to keep quiet, during preaching).

The Antari Z3000 smoke machine is intelligently controlled via a [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Lights/DMXPower | DMXPower]] interface, and should just work™ as follows when the '''Keep on''' button is activated:
* Triggering smoke (via '''Soft Smoke''', '''Smoke''', or '''Insane Smoke''' buttons) will turn the fan on (and keep it on for 5 minutes)
* Briefly activating and releasing '''Smoke fan on''' will turn the fan on (and keep it on for 5 minutes)—<span style="color: red">Useful at start of worship set</span>, so that the first smoke doesn't "hang"
* Briefly activating and releasing '''Smoke fan off''' will turn the fan off—<span style="color: red">Useful at end of worship set<span>, so that the fan is quiet during preaching
* Should mains fail, the smoke machine and associated fan will stop working; the rest of the lighting system is carried by UPS

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Lights

2026-02-08T12:37:10Z

Gareth: Making instructions a bit more explicit

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Video

2026-02-08T12:20:27Z

Gareth:

== Video home ==
We stream our first morning service live on [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXfLWEetgdltNNpsIf-HcoA YouTube] and all sermons are recorded and stored on our [https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXfLWEetgdltNNpsIf-HcoA YouTube channel]

We use a [https://www.blackmagicdesign.com/sa/products/atemconstellation Blackmagic Design ATEM 1 M/E Constellation HD Live Production Switcher] to connect all video inputs to all video outputs. Live stream encoding is done with [https://obsproject.com/ OBS]

[[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Video/Companion|Companion]] shows what Companion buttons are available.

=== Suggested camera framing ===
<pic src="/images/7/71/CameraFraming.20260208.jpg" width=100% align=center caption="Camera framing: Close up and wider frame" />

File:CameraFraming.20260208.jpg

2026-02-08T12:16:03Z

Gareth:

Camera Framing: One close up (from centre), one context (from side)

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Lights

2026-02-07T18:40:49Z

Gareth:

== Lights home ==

We use [[https://www.chauvetdj.com/showxpress/ ShowXpress]] for controlling our DMX lighting system, specifically V9. (The newer V II is NOT compatible with the V9 configuration; upgrading will require reprogramming of all scenes.)

When using the stage lighting, it is important to turn on the '''Keep on''' button. This orientates all moving fixtures to a typical stage position so that turning lights on gives useful light without requiring additional movement at that time.

<pic src="images/6/6b/LightingUtilities.jpeg" width="451px" caption="Utilities buttons in ShowXpress" />

The '''Keep on''' button also allows the house lights to be controlled via DMX, and ensures that the smoke machine is powered on. It also allows turning the smoke machine's fan on (to blow, of course) and off (to keep quiet, during preaching).

The Antari Z3000 smoke machine is intelligently controlled via a [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Lights/DMXPower | DMXPower]] interface, and should just work™ as follows when the '''Keep on''' button is activated:
* Triggering smoke (via '''Soft Smoke''', '''Smoke''', or '''Insane Smoke''' buttons) will turn the fan on, and keep it on for 5 minutes
* '''Smoke fan on''' will turn the fan on and keep it on
* '''Smoke fan off''' will turn the fan off and keep it off
* Should mains fail, the smoke machine and associated fan will stop working; the rest of the lighting system is carried by UPS

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Lights

2026-02-07T18:39:29Z

Gareth:

== Lights home ==

We use [[https://www.chauvetdj.com/showxpress/ ShowXpress]] for controlling our DMX lighting system, specifically V9. (The newer V II is NOT compatible with the V9 configuration; upgrading will require reprogramming of all scenes.)

When using the stage lighting, it is important to turn on the '''Keep on''' button. This orientates all moving fixtures to a typical stage position so that turning lights on gives useful light without requiring additional movement at that time.

<pic src="images/6/6b/LightingUtilities.jpeg" width=451px caption="Utilities buttons in ShowXpress" />

The '''Keep on''' button also allows the house lights to be controlled via DMX, and ensures that the smoke machine is powered on. It also allows turning the smoke machine's fan on (to blow, of course) and off (to keep quiet, during preaching).

The Antari Z3000 smoke machine is intelligently controlled via a [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Lights/DMXPower | DMXPower]] interface, and should just work™ as follows when the '''Keep on''' button is activated:
* Triggering smoke (via '''Soft Smoke''', '''Smoke''', or '''Insane Smoke''' buttons) will turn the fan on, and keep it on for 5 minutes
* '''Smoke fan on''' will turn the fan on and keep it on
* '''Smoke fan off''' will turn the fan off and keep it off
* Should mains fail, the smoke machine and associated fan will stop working; the rest of the lighting system is carried by UPS

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Lights/DMXPower

2026-02-07T18:37:40Z

Gareth: Created page with "== DMXPower == DMXPower is a box that takes as input a DMX control signal to provide power, or cut power, to the devices that it controls. <pic src="/images/d/d7/DMXPower.Top.jpeg" align=text caption="DMXPower: Top panel" /> In the context of Brooklyn, DMXPower's control signal is in-band on the smoke machine's DMX channel. DMXPower is configured with a Main power channel (controlling the smoke machine) and an Aux power channel (controlling power to the fan that blow..."

== DMXPower ==

DMXPower is a box that takes as input a DMX control signal to provide power, or cut power, to the devices that it controls.

<pic src="/images/d/d7/DMXPower.Top.jpeg" align=text caption="DMXPower: Top panel" />

In the context of Brooklyn, DMXPower's control signal is in-band on the smoke machine's DMX channel. DMXPower is configured with a Main power channel (controlling the smoke machine) and an Aux power channel (controlling power to the fan that blows the smoke). Each of these power channels can be OFF, AUTO or ON.

==== DMX values ====
* 0: Main: OFF, Aux: OFF (typically the case when DMX software is not running)
* 1: Main: AUTO, Aux: ON
* 2: Main: AUTO, Aux: OFF
* 4: Main: AUTO, Aux: AUTO (DMX system ready for use)
* 8 or more: Smoke machine outputs progressively more smoke

When the Main output is set to AUTO, it is turned on for four hours, and that four hours is reset every time smoke is triggered. In other words, it will typically remain on when AUTO, unless the smoke machine isn't being used at all.

When the Aux output is set to AUTO, it will turn on for five minutes if:
* Previously ON, or
* Smoke triggered, which restarts the five minutes

==== Design considerations ====

* The smoke machine must just work™, without having to be separately switched or off, as this is typically often forgotten.
* The smoke machine is power hungry, so it must not be powered via UPS—it would reduce the 20 minute stage battery capacity to just 5 minutes! The primary purpose of DMXPower is to automatically control power to the smoke machine from the DMX system, while not using the same power source as the DMX system.
* In-band control makes sense since the smoke machine doesn't react to the first 8 or so values, and the unit monitors when the smoke machine is triggered, on the same channel.

File:DMXPower.v0.2.grayscale.pdf

2026-02-07T18:20:08Z

Gareth: DMXPower schematic, including Main and Aux output relays

== Summary ==
DMXPower schematic, including Main and Aux output relays

File:DMXPower.Top.jpeg

2026-02-07T18:15:46Z

Gareth: DMXPower: Top panel

== Summary ==
DMXPower: Top panel

File:LightingUtilities.jpeg

2026-02-07T17:51:05Z

Gareth: ShowXpress: Utilities buttons

== Summary ==
ShowXpress: Utilities buttons

brooklyn:Brooklyn

2026-02-07T13:07:13Z

Gareth: Move "Recent updates and changes" from Brooklyn to Brooklyn/Tech

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech

2026-02-07T13:07:06Z

Gareth: Move "Recent updates and changes" from Brooklyn to Brooklyn/Tech

== Tech home ==

<pic src="/images/e/e0/Foh.layout.202309.jpeg" width=100% align=text caption="Front of house" />

==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Audio|Audio home]] ====

==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Media|Media home]] ====

==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Lights|Lights home]] ====

==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Video|Video home]] ====

==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Producer|Technical producer home]] ====

=== Recent updates and changes ===

* 2025/09: People pay more attention to announcements with underlying music—the Runaway list on Spotify is useful for this
* 2023/09: [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Video|Video and Streaming]] computer between Lighting and S31 sound desk, for improved accessibility
* 2023/06: We stream the first service (with sermon notes appropriately overlaid) and record the second service (centre camera only, for creation of reels later)
* 2023/03/26: Jean asked that we always use a drone for a [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Continuity|soft transition]] from sermon to ministry to worship
* 2022/10/16: Jean requested background music (Hammock or pads) for transition out of sermon
* 2022/11: Stream and record first service. Only stream second service if issue with first service (technical issue, or requested by speaker)
* 2022/01: Wait until worship has been "landed" before putting camera on centre screen—this is part of [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Continuity|continuity]]

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Audio/Sibilance

2026-01-26T18:41:03Z

Gareth: Instructions first, in more detail, to easily apply; theory later

== Sibilance ==
To address sibilance—the harsh, irritating "essss" sound—on a DiGiCo Sx1, one can use a dynamic EQ:

<pic src="/images/a/a1/Sibilance.s31.dynamiceq.jpg" width="100%" align="text" caption="DiGiCo's S31 dynamic EQ: Here, the green band has the dynamic EQ turned on; here, around 5 kHz, the volume is currently being lowered." />

=== Steps to follow: ===

* Touch the "Show dyn EQ" button in the menu bar, and then switch one of the EQs to a dyanmic EQ
* Dynamic EQ must be in "Over mode", i.e. arrow on threshold pointing to right, i.e. when level is higher than threshold, the EQ adjustment is applied
* Dynamic compression ratio of 2:1 to 3:1 has enough of an effect without influencing the sound too much
* The compressor must typically be quite fast, i.e. short times, to sound as natural as possible
* EQ frequency typically in the range 3 to 8 kHz
* EQ gain should be –5 to –15 dB; if too much, intelligibility will be reduced
* EQ Q typically 1 or higher

=== What exactly is sibilance? ===
Sometimes audio that has been pre-recorded and prepared for playback can have too much harshness:

<youtube>mAlhPGCET8M</youtube>

or a live vocal can sound very irritating, especially in Afrikaans—same video, [[https://www.youtube.com/live/mAlhPGCET8M?t=1383 later at 23:03]].

Also, listen to 10 s of this (start at 4:01):

<youtube>JEHmr1__AsM</youtube>

That “S” sound at the end of a word is called “sibilance”. It occurs typically in the 3 to 8 kHz range; that same range is needed to get clarity and presence in a vocal. Too much, almost like cymbals, very quickly becomes very irritating. However, too little, and a person battles to hear what is being said.

<pic src="/images/e/e7/Sibilance.wy_of_wys.png" width=100% align=text caption="From the clip: This is the 'wy' of 'wys' in 'Wil ek vir jou wys wat leer...': the frequencies shown at the bottom correspond to the yellow cursor at the top."/>

<pic src="/images/7/7e/Sibilance.s_of_wys.png" width=100% align=text caption="This is the 's' of 'wys' in 'Wil ek vir jou wys wat leer...'—note the portion that is significantly louder. The 5 kHz peaks at –50 dB, which was previously –63 dB—that’s a 13 dB difference, which represents more than four times the volume (6 dB is a doubling)."/>

The process of removing sibiliance is called “de-essing” or “desibilising” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De-essing).

The first step in the process of improving sound is normally recording better quality sound at the sound, thus placing the microphone further away, and aiming the microphone higher or lower (away from the mouth), as you can see in, for e.g. https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/managing-sibilance or https://urm.academy/death-to-sibilance/.

If one already has the sound, you can process it via an EQ. The challenge with this is that taking away too much of the “s” sound results in losing clarity and presence. Thus one wants to only take away the problematic portions when they are excessive, but leave them the rest of the time, i.e. compress that which annoys, but only when necessary.

<pic src="/images/c/c1/Sibilance.reaper.de-esser.png" width=100% align=text caption="Reaper’s built-in 'De-esser'"/>

Reaper’s “De-esser” is a single-band dynamic EQ.

For content creators

2026-01-26T18:38:51Z

Gareth: White space seems to be needed separator, not a pipe

== Help for content creators ==
New pages should reside in the [[For_site_admins#NameSpace|Campus Namespace]] and [[For_site_admins#Subpages|optional hierarchy]].

An example for Brooklyn Campus Band Vocals would be:

<nowiki>[[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band/Vocals]]</nowiki>

=== Creating a new page ===
[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Starting_a_new_page Creating a new page] can be done in one of the following ways:

==== From the search box ====
When a page is searched which does not belong yet, an option is provided to create the new page from the search box.

==== Using the URL ====
Typing the URL of desired page provides an option to create a new page.
The URL structure would be
https://how.doxadeo.org/index.php/<campus name>:NewPage
The page will be displayed like below with option to create the new page.

<pic src="/images/b/be/Newpage.png" width=100% align=text caption="New page" />

==== Using wiki links ====
Wiki links are used to reference pages with simple syntax.

<code>[[<page name|<optional friendly name for page>]]</code>

If the page does not exist, the link will be coloured red.

=== Editing your new page ===
Pages can be edited by either:
* The default WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) editor by selecting the blue edit button on page.
* Editing source by selecting blue Edit button and selecting source.

A range of [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting different formatting options] are available for pages and displaying text.

Some shortcuts to most common used options in source editor include:
* Image insertion
<nowiki><pic src="/images/e/e0/Foh.layout.202309.jpeg" width=100% align=text caption="Front of house" /></nowiki>

Where src is the image location which can be found under the [[Special:ListFiles]] page for the image after uploaded. Use the file link minus the site name, i.e.
"https://how.doxadeo.org/images/d/d7/Dynamic_EQ_on_S31_for_sibilance.png"
Can be referenced as "/images/d/d7/Dynamic_EQ_on_S31_for_sibilance.png"

* Embedding Video
[[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:YouTube Embedding video]] are supported for a variety of sources.
To embed a YouTube video:

<nowiki>‎<youtube>foo‎</youtube></nowiki>

where foo is the video ID from the URL. i.e. if the video's URL is https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIlLh6JXugI, then the embed code would be:

<nowiki><youtube>vIlLh6JXugI</youtube></nowiki>

=== Searching for content ===
Searching for content within Campus context is performed by adding the Campus namespace as part of the search criteria. If Campus namespace is omitted, search would be across all Campuses.

=== Watching pages and notifications ===
Users can optionally receive email notifications whenever pages of interest have changed or added/deleted.
Navigate to your [[Special:Preferences|user preference page]] and select

'''Email me when a page or a file on my watchlist has changed'''

For content creators

2026-01-26T18:33:15Z

Gareth: Space needed before pipe to keep friendly name out of URL... but then the pipe becomes part of the friendly name; at least the link now works.

== Help for content creators ==
New pages should reside in the [[For_site_admins#NameSpace|Campus Namespace]] and [[For_site_admins#Subpages|optional hierarchy]].

An example for Brooklyn Campus Band Vocals would be:

<nowiki>[[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band/Vocals]]</nowiki>

=== Creating a new page ===
[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Starting_a_new_page Creating a new page] can be done in one of the following ways:

==== From the search box ====
When a page is searched which does not belong yet, an option is provided to create the new page from the search box.

==== Using the URL ====
Typing the URL of desired page provides an option to create a new page.
The URL structure would be
https://how.doxadeo.org/index.php/<campus name>:NewPage
The page will be displayed like below with option to create the new page.

<pic src="/images/b/be/Newpage.png" width=100% align=text caption="New page" />

==== Using wiki links ====
Wiki links are used to reference pages with simple syntax.

<code>[[<page name|<optional friendly name for page>]]</code>

If the page does not exist, the link will be coloured red.

=== Editing your new page ===
Pages can be edited by either:
* The default WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) editor by selecting the blue edit button on page.
* Editing source by selecting blue Edit button and selecting source.

A range of [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Formatting different formatting options] are available for pages and displaying text.

Some shortcuts to most common used options in source editor include:
* Image insertion
<nowiki><pic src="/images/e/e0/Foh.layout.202309.jpeg" width=100% align=text caption="Front of house" /></nowiki>

Where src is the image location which can be found under the [[Special:ListFiles]] page for the image after uploaded. Use the file link minus the site name, i.e.
"https://how.doxadeo.org/images/d/d7/Dynamic_EQ_on_S31_for_sibilance.png"
Can be referenced as "/images/d/d7/Dynamic_EQ_on_S31_for_sibilance.png"

* Embedding Video
[[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:YouTube | Embedding video]] are supported for a variety of sources.
To embed a YouTube video:

<nowiki>‎<youtube>foo‎</youtube></nowiki>

where foo is the video ID from the URL. i.e. if the video's URL is https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vIlLh6JXugI, then the embed code would be:

<nowiki><youtube>vIlLh6JXugI</youtube></nowiki>

=== Searching for content ===
Searching for content within Campus context is performed by adding the Campus namespace as part of the search criteria. If Campus namespace is omitted, search would be across all Campuses.

=== Watching pages and notifications ===
Users can optionally receive email notifications whenever pages of interest have changed or added/deleted.
Navigate to your [[Special:Preferences|user preference page]] and select

'''Email me when a page or a file on my watchlist has changed'''

brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Audio/Sibilance

2026-01-26T11:19:22Z

Gareth: More specific steps to address sibilance

== Sibilance ==
To address sibilance on a DiGiCo Sx1, once can use a dynamic EQ:

<pic src="/images/a/a1/Sibilance.s31.dynamiceq.jpg" width="100%" align="text" caption="DiGiCo's S31 dynamic EQ: Here, the green band has the dynamic EQ turned on; here, around 5 kHz, the volume is currently being lowered. For the purpose of de-essing, the mode (top right) must be set to 'Over' so that when the level at 5 kHz exceeds the threshold, then the level of the 5 kHz band is reduced." />

=== Steps to follow: ===

* Touch the "Show dyn EQ" button, and then switch one of the EQs to a dyanmic EQ
* The EQ must be in "Over mode", i.e. arrow on threshold pointing to right, i.e. when level is higher than threshold, the dynamic EQ has an effect
* Compression ratio of 2:1 to 3:1 has enough of an effect without influencing the sound too much
* The compressor must typically be quite fast, i.e. short times, to sound as natural as possible
* Centre frequency typically in the range 3 to 7 kHz
* Gain of compressor should be –10 to –20 dB
* Q typically 1 or higher

=== What exactly is sibilance? ===
Sometimes a vocal can sound very irritating—listen to 10 s of this (start at 4:01):

<youtube>JEHmr1__AsM</youtube>

That “S” sound at the end of a word is called “sibilance”. It occurs typically in the 4 to 8 kHz range; that same range is needed to get clarity and presence in a vocal. Too much, almost like symbols, very quickly becomes very irritating. However, too little, and a person battle to hear what is being said.

<pic src="/images/e/e7/Sibilance.wy_of_wys.png" width=100% align=text caption="From the clip: This is the 'wy' of 'wys' in 'Wil ek vir jou wys wat leer...': the frequencies shown at the bottom correspond to the yellow cursor at the top."/>

<pic src="/images/7/7e/Sibilance.s_of_wys.png" width=100% align=text caption="This is the 's' of 'wys' in 'Wil ek vir jou wys wat leer...'—note the portion that is significantly louder. The 5 kHz peaks at –50 dB, which was previously –63 dB—that’s a 13 dB difference, which represents more than four times the volume (6 dB is a doubling)."/>

The process of removing sibiliance is called “de-essing” or “desibilising” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De-essing).

The first step in the process of improving sound is normally recording better quality sound at the sound, thus placing the microphone further away (which Marthinus already does), and aiming the microphone higher or lower (away from the mouth), as you can see in, for e.g. https://www.soundonsound.com/techniques/managing-sibilance or https://urm.academy/death-to-sibilance/.

If one already has the sound, you can process it via an EQ. The challenge with this is that taking away too much of the “s” sound results in losing clarity and presence. Thus one wants to only take away the problematic portions when they are excessive, but leave them the rest of the time, i.e. compress that which annoys, but only when necessary.

<pic src="/images/c/c1/Sibilance.reaper.de-esser.png" width=100% align=text caption="Reaper’s built-in 'De-esser'"/>

Reaper’s “De-esser” is a single-band dynamic EQ.

File:Dynamic EQ on S31 for sibilance.png

2026-01-26T10:31:44Z

Gareth:

Dynamic EQ on S31 for sibilance

brooklyn:Brooklyn

2026-01-26T10:28:06Z

Gareth: Added playlist for music to use under announcements

<yambe:breadcrumb self='Brooklyn Home'>Main_Page|Home</yambe:breadcrumb>
== Brooklyn home page ==
Landing page for [https://doxeadeo.org/brooklyn/ Brooklyn Campus] knowledge base for worship and technical teams

==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/PCO|Planning Center Online]] ====

==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Band|Band home]] ====

==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech|Tech home]] ====

==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Integration|Integration home]] ====

==== [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Todo|To do and features]] ====

=== Recent updates and changes ===

* 2025/09: People pay more attention to announcements with underlying music—the Runaway list on Spotify is useful for this
* 2023/09: [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Tech/Video|Video and Streaming]] computer between Lighting and S31 sound desk, for improved accessibility
* 2023/06: We stream the first service (with sermon notes appropriately overlaid) and record the second service (centre camera only, for creation of reels later)
* 2023/03/26: Jean asked that we always use a drone for a [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Continuity|soft transition]] from sermon to ministry to worship
* 2022/10/16: Jean requested background music (Hammock or pads) for transition out of sermon
* 2022/11: Stream and record first service. Only stream second service if issue with first service (technical issue, or requested by speaker)
* 2022/01: Wait until worship has been "landed" before putting camera on centre screen—this is part of [[brooklyn:Brooklyn/Continuity|continuity]]